Database and Database Management Systems

Advances in computer technology allows organizations to collect and manage large amounts of data. Processing and computer storage have full power and comparatively cheap before the organization can effectively use information obtained during normal operations. Information from orders, financial transactions, manufacturing activities, human resources, government regulations, and other information from many sources together provide a model of all actions that affect the organization. The ability to store, retrieve, and this information manipuloasi memungkinkanorganisasi mengelol operations efficiently and effectively.Data is organized into files, each file contains the records, and each record consists of data elements (fields). Levels exists in the database concept. Data management is a subset of IRM that performs the function of collecting, testing and integrity, storage, maintenance, security, organization and retrieval of data. Secondary storage devices are of two types, namely sequential and direct access. User application to determine whether batch or online processing is used. Batch processing can be implemented using sequential storage media or direct access. While the online processing need direct access. The term used to describe the realtime online system that reacts to the physical system activity in fast enough to control the system.Database is a collection of all resources and the organization's computer-based database management system is a software application that stores the database structure, relationships between data in the database, as well as a variety of forms and reports with datbase berkitan it. The database is controlled by the database management system is a set of related data records and explain to each other.In the era before the database, system performance suffers because of the physical storage constraints. These difficulties are partially overcome by using inverted files and link list. Data in a database managed by database management system (DBMS). System was originally designed for the mainframe, which currently exist in the micro computer version and involves a relational structure.The first step is creating a database to determine data needs to follow a problem-oriented approach. Elements are then described in the data dictionary, and an explanation is communicated to the computer via a data description language (DDL) to generate the schema. Subskema reflect the needs of individual users. Having determined the scheme and subskema data can be entered. The user database can be either a person or an application program. People using the query language and programming using DML. DBMS to work with the operating system to provide a content database for the users.All DBMS have a DDL processor and database manager, but at the micro version usually does not include performance statistics module processor or backup / recovery. DBMS can reduce the repetition of data, to achieve the independence of the data, integrate data from multiple files, data or obtain information quickly, and improve security. The person in charge of the enterprise data resource called database manager (database administrator) - DBA. DBA has four areas of responsibility related to the database, including planning, penerapam, operations, and security. Some DBA DBA headed by a manager.Users of the database that can be involved in knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) such as data warehouse, data marts, and data mining. Data mining begins with a hypothesis based on the verification of the user about what he believes as a parameter query database. Data mining based on the findings to develop the ability of users to identify data patterns that are usually expected users. The discovery process in the development of the database is repeated, the repeated measures such as data acquisition, data cleaning, model search, and model predictions, to the needs of users is reached.